Impressions de gris perle: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac dates from May 1891. 1
The sitter, Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac (1855-1921), commissioned his portrait in a lengthy, much underlined, almost incomprehensible letter in February 1891:
'Depuis quand veux-je rouvrir la communication, pourtant pas tout à fait fermée, puisqu'elle a laissé filtrer à mon adresse, et mon endroit de si spécieux croquis dédicacés ...
Non ce qui m'amènerait plutôt vers vous c'est faire un pas vers votre palette. C'est voir et savoir et avoir et savourer de quoi il retourne à cet endroit sensible où pendent, avec les curiosités des nations présentes, et l'ébaudissement des époques futures, le corollaire graphique, le témoignage figuratif indispensable & unique, et le commentaire consacrant de ce que j'ai l'intention de laisser de gloire! - avec aussi un petit intérêt pour vous je pense.
Des amis bien intentionnés et assez pythiques, ont eu le sens clairvoyant et intime d'attirer encore récemment sur ce point prestigieux mon attention, qui y était déjà théoriquement fixée, mais à quand la pratique, la mise en oeuvre, et en chef d'œuvre, en toile, et en cadre? en bouteille aussi et enfin, puisque quand le vin est tiré, il faut le boire. ...
Certes ni vous, ni moi ne doutons de poser ni de peindre; mais enfin nous n'en sommes pas moins dans cette seule sécurité néfastement sommeillante, en train de nous endormir, vous, sur vos lauriers, moi sur mon rôti!
Ainsi et plus éloquemment et élogieusement raisonnèrent raisonnablement les voix amies qui me délogèrent de mon expectance et mon espérance fatalistes - et me firent compter quelques écus! A présent je thésaurise . . . vous m'arrêterez!
Je propose - disposez!' 2
A rough translation reads as follows:
'For a long time I have wanted to re-open communications, not however quite closed, since there have filtered through to my address, and my corner, some especial, signed, delicate - and very precious - sketches. ...
No, what would bring me to you is more to take a step towards your palette. It is to see and know and to have and savour from what it returns to this sensitive place where hangs, with those curiosities of present nations, and the rejoicing of future epochs, the graphic corollary, the indispensable and unique figurative witness, and the consecrating commentary of what glory I mean to leave! - with a little interest for you also I think.
Some well-intentioned and fairly Pythian friends, have had the clairvoyant and intimate sense to attract my attention again more recently on this point, which was already theoretically fixed thereon, but when to practice, implement, the masterpiece, on canvas, and in frame? and finally bottled, because when the wine is poured, it must be drunk. ...
Certainly neither you, nor I have doubts about either posing or painting; but we are nonetheless no less in this only dormant security, in the process of going to sleep, you, on your laurels, me, on my roast!
Therefore and more eloquently and favourably reasoned reasonably the friendly voices that dislodged me from my expectancy and fatalistic hope - and made me count a few pennies! At present I hoard … you will stop me!
I propose - you dispose!'
On 13 April 1891 Walford Graham Robertson (1867-1948) wrote to Whistler that he hoped 'the mysterious work' would soon be complete. 3 It was probably started in May 1891 in London, but interrupted when Whistler contracted 'flu. 4
According to Saint-Charles, Montesquiou spent months in London and Brighton, 'attendant avec Whistler une lumière grise qui ne venait pas' for his portrait, which was to be called 'Impressions de gris perle'. 5
Montesquiou reminisced about the unsuccessful sittings:
'moi qui fus assez long temps pour cela l'olympien incognito du gentil boudoir des combles, Japonico-Néerlando-Britanniquo Blue and White! ...
... La seconde tournée-fournée nous traitera mieux, si elle donne décidément à tâter et constater les bons progrès et procédés qui s'opèrent dans les collégiens que je forme!'
Translation: 'I who was for some time ... like a God up on Mount Olympus in the pleasant little attic boudoir of Japanese-Dutch-British Blue and White! ...
... The second round will serve us better, if indeed it provides us with something on a par with the aspirations I am nurturing, to make people sit up and take notice.' 6
According to Montesquiou, quoted by Edmond de Goncourt (1822-1896), on 7 July 1891:
'Whistler est en train de faire deux portraits de lui: l'un en habit noir avec une fourrure sous le bras, l'autre en grand manteau gris, au col relevé, avec, au cou, un rien d'une cravate d'une nuance, d'une nuance . . . qu'il ne dit pas, mais dont son oeil exprime la couleur idéale.' 7
Translation: ‘Whistler is in the process of painting two portraits of him: one dressed in black with a fur under the arm, the other in a big grey coat, collar upturned, with, at the neck, a nothing of a cravat of a shade, a shade … that he does not describe, but his eye expresses the colour perfectly.’
The Goncourts reported Montesquiou's account of sittings:
'Montesquiou est très intéressant à entendre développer la façon de peindre de Whistler, auquel il a donné dix-sept séances pendant un mois de séjour a Londres. ... des séances, de longues séances, ... où il semblait à Montesquiou que Whistler, avec la fixité de son attention, lui prenait sa vie, lui pompait quelque chose de son individualité.' 8
Montesquiou begged Whistler not to show anyone 'd'aucun de nos prestigieux complots (et prodigieux!) de toiles', which, translated, means 'any of our prestigious (and prodigious!) plots of canvasses.' 9
On 27 November 1891 Saint-Charles wrote that the portrait was not finished. 10 Nearly a year later, in September 1892, Montesquiou, writing from St Moritz, referred to the portrait in a fairly incomprehensible and untranslatable letter, and suggested a new portrait on a smaller scale:
'Je propose, disposez (en une réponse Rue Franklin.) et aménités des séances ... en faveur de l'arrangement en rose et gris! - Car, pour le grey Lord (qui n'est pas Lord de Grey!) je doute qu'on le décide à renchérir sur la status quo de sa perfection adéquate. Au reste si vous souhaitez vous exercer à nouveau et en petit sur mon inamovibilité de Whistlerien modèle, j'ai un placet à vous présenter de la part d'un très grand homme (qui n'est pas moi!) sur ce sujet précis.' 11
Impressions de gris perle: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, Whereabouts unknown
Arrangement in Black and Gold: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, The Frick Collection
Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, photograph, GUL Whistler PH1/21
Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, photograph, GUL Whistler PH1/22
Variations on the title are as follows:
The preferred title is 'Impressions de gris perle: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac'.
According to the sitter, it showed him 'en grand manteau gris, au col relevé, avec, au cou, un rien d'une cravate d'une nuance, d'une nuance ... qu'il ne dit pas, mais dont son oeil exprime la couleur idéale.' 14 That is, in a grey cloak with collar turned up, and a cravat of the most subtle colour.
Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, photograph, GUL Whistler PH1/21
Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac (1855-1921). He was introduced to Whistler by Henry James (1843-1916) in 1885. 15
Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, photograph, GUL Whistler PH1/22
Poet, writer, collector and patron, encouraging and supporting artists like Helleu and Moreau, Montesquiou was a model for Baron de Charlus in A la recherche du temps perdu by Antonin Proust (1832-1905) and for Des Esseintes in A Rebours by Joris-Karl Huysmans (1848-1907). He greatly admired Whistler and introduced him into fashionable Parisian society. According to Goncourt, Montesquiou intended to write a study of Whistler. 16 A chapter on Whistler published in his posthumous memoirs perhaps reflects this intention. 17
The portrait of Montesquiou in a grey cloak was not apparently continued.
Arrangement in Black and Gold: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac, The Frick Collection
It was the 'black portrait' Arrangement in Black and Gold: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac y398) on which Whistler worked subsequently. However it is possible that it was painted on top of 'Impressions de gris perle' for there are traces of brushwork at the foot of Arrangement in Black and Gold: Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac y398 which could be interpreted as the folds of a cloak.
The Goncourts reported Montesquiou's account of sittings:
'Montesquiou est très intéressant à entendre développer la façon de peindre de Whistler, auquel il a donné dix-sept séances pendant un mois de séjour a Londres. L'esquisse, ce serait chez Whistler une ruée sur la toile, une ou deux heures de fièvre folle, dont sortirait tout construite dans son enveloppe la chose ... Puis alors, des séances, de longues séances, où la plupart du temps, le pinceau approché de la toile, le peintre ne posait pas la touche qu'il avait au bout de son pinceau, le jetait, ce pinceau! en prenait un autre, et quelquetois, en trois heures, posait une cinquantaine de touches sur sa toile ... chaque touche, selon l'expression, enlevant un voile à la couverte de l'esquisse. Oh ! des séances, où il semblait à Montesquiou que Whistler, avec la fixité de son attention, lui prenait sa vie, lui pompait quelque chose de son individualité; et à la fin, il se sentait tellement aspiré qu'il éprouvait comme une contraction de tout son être et qu'heureusement, il avait découvert uncertain vin au coca, qui le remettait de ces terribles séances!' 18
A (very free) translation: 'Montesquiou is very interesting to hear on the way Whistler’s painting technique has developed, after giving Whistler seventeen sittings during a month’s stay in London. The sketch, this would be a run-through of the canvas at Whistler’s home, one or two hours of mad fever, from which it would all but emerge from its enveloping surroundings … And then, the sessions, the long sessions, where most of the time, the brush approached the canvas, the painter did not touch it with the paint that was at the end of his brush, he threw it down, this brush! taking another, and a few times, in three hours, made around fifty strokes to his canvas … every stroke, according to his expression, removed a veil from the surface of the sketch. Oh! Some sessions where it seemed to Montesquiou that Whistler, with his fixed attention, took his life, removing something from his individuality; and at the end, he felt so drawn that he felt a contraction of his whole being and fortunately, he had discovered a certain wine ['vin au coca'], which helped him recover from these terrible sessions!'
Unknown.
Unknown.
Unknown.
It was not exhibited in Whistler's lifetime.
1: YMSM 1980 [more] (cat. no. 397).
2: [13] February 1891, GUW #04128.
3: GUW #05197.
4: B. Whistler to Montesquiou, [7/8 May 1891], GUW #13599.
5: Saint-Charles 1891, quoted by Barbier 1964 [more], pp. 128-29.
6: [6 May 1891], GUW #04135.
7: Goncourt 1956 [more], vol. 8, pp. 52-53; vol. 19, p. 92.
8: Ibid. A free translation: 'Montesquiou is very interesting to hear the way Whistler’s painting technique has developed, after giving Whistler seventeen sittings during a month’s stay in London. ... the sessions, the long sessions, ... where it seemed to Montesquiou that Whistler, with his fixed attention, took his life, removing something from his individuality.'
9: [15/22 June 1891], GUW #04142.
10: Saint-Charles 1891, in Barbier 1964, op. cit.
11: GUW #04153.
12: Saint-Charles 1891, quoted by Barbier 1964 [more], pp. 128-29.
13: YMSM 1980 [more] (cat. no. 397).
14: Goncourt 1956 [more], vol. 8, pp. 52-53; vol. 19, p. 92
15: James to Montesquiou, n.d., Paris, Bibl. Nat., Nouv. Acq. Fr. 15335, f.45.
16: 5 April 1893; Goncourt, op. cit., vol. 8, pp. 52-53, vol. 19, p. 92.
17: Montesquiou 1923 [more], vol. 1, pp. 243-62.
18: Goncourt 1956 [more], vol. 8, pp. 52-53; vol. 19, p. 92.