Titles

Whistler's own title is not known. Only one title has been recorded:

• 'Harmony in Brown: The Felt Hat' (1936, Glasgow University). 1
• 'Harmony in Brown: The Felt Hat' (1980, YMSM). 2

Description

Harmony in Brown: The Felt Hat, The Hunterian

A full-length portrait of a woman, in vertical format. She stands turned to the left, with her face tilted, looking up to right. She holds a pair of gloves in her hands. The gloves look rather like a fan or catalogue, but Whistler described her as holding 'a pair of gloves drawn out in the two hands' in a related lithograph, Gants de suède c035. 3 She wears a close-fitting pale brown dress with a deep pleat running the full-length of the skirt front. The narrow sleeves are dark brown, as is a scarf or tippet around her neck, and the sharply tilted felt hat. The floor is a light brownish ochre, darkening to very dark brown in the background.

Sitter

Ethel Philip (Mrs Whibley), photograph, 1892/1901

Ethel Whibley (1861-1920), née Birnie Philip, was one of the sisters of Whistler's wife. She was referred to by Whistler as 'Bunnie'. This is one of a number of portraits of her, including the lithograph Gants de suède c035, showing Ethel in a similar costume and pose to this painting.

Whistler, Women and Fashion noted: 'The somber, rather masculine dress and hat strike an important chord regarding women's dress of the 1890s – the increased fashion for simplicity,' and commented on Ethel's taste for feathered hats: 'Ethel Philip appears ... in a range of plumed hats, which looked well on her strong oval face with its clean-cut profile.' 4

Comments

Muther described Whistler in his studio, in an interesting – if romanticized – account, dating probably from the early 1890s:

'Whistler seemed like a hermit in his secluded house, like the monarch of a far kingdom, peopled only with his own thoughts – a realm where he reigned in the midst of mysterious landscapes and grave and quiet men and women, who have stood near him in mind and spirit, and to whom his brush gave new life. The thoughtful eyes of women gazed upon you; fair hair, black and grey furs, pale, fading flowers, and grey felt hats with black feathers stood out from dusty canvases placed carelessly to one side, sometimes taking definite form, sometimes melting intangibly and indistinctly, as if seen through silky veils. The air which enveloped them was at the same time bright and dark; the atmosphere of this silent room, in which the artist saw his models, had a subdued and shrouded daylight, and old light, as it were, which had become harmonious like a faded Gobelin.' 5

The 1995 Tate exhibition catalogue warned:

'We must be very careful about attributing to an unfinished painting qualities Whistler never intended it to have. Nevertheless, the way in which the elongated figure seems to emerge, wraith-like, from the shadowy background, the absence of details and textures, and above all the tendency to flatten form against a spatially ambiguous background: all put one in mind of the Symbolist art nouveau paintings of Gustav Klimt. It is therefore worth noting that on 13 December 1897 Klimt wrote to Whistler inviting him to accept honorary membership in the Society of Austrian Artists Secession.' 6